Napoleon Bonarparte

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Napoleon Bonarparte. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Napoleon Bonarparte paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Napoleon Bonarparte, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Napoleon Bonarparte paper at affordable prices with writing help service!

Napoleon Bonaparte rise and claim to power was as multifaceted as was his effect on the people of Europe. He was part of the history of the French Revolution and the ideals; freedom and equality, popular sovereignty, a goal of rational administration, rule of law, the liberation of Europe from feudal oppression, and the legacy of war helped to advance his career. Napoleons lasting contributions were achieved when his personal destiny corresponded with the needs of France. The French Revolution saw the reorganization the Catholic Church in France, sale of much of its property, and the turning of the clergy into salaried public servants. A Civil Constitution of the Clergy was introduced with no reference to the Pope what so ever. In addition to this an oath of loyalty to the Revolution was demanded of the clergy, this caused a split between the clergy and the country and broke universal religious practice. As Bonaparte grew into power there was the beginning of a religious revival happening, in order to gain control over his regime he needed to come to terms with this and the Pope. Both men flexed their muscles in this struggle for power, both finally agreed to the Concordat. Church property that had been auctioned during the Revolution were to be honored, but compensation was to been given to the church, a sum to be determined by Napoleon himself. Catholicism was restored not as the universal religion but the religion of the great majority. The clergy did remain salaried employees of the state and did have to pledge loyalty to the government. Bonaparte had the authority to nominate bishops, while the Pope gave them their spiritual authority. The church was no longer independent from the state but a corporation dependant upon the government. This corporation was relieved of its monopoly over the education the French youth; they were left with the educational duties of girls and younger children. Ecoles Centrales created by the Directory were the Republics best attempt at secondary education; they were eventually replaced by the lycees. These have government appointed teachers who used a similar curriculum as the Ecoles Centrales. There was to be uniforms and military discipline at the lycees. They did not solely focus on the scientific syllabus or professional training. There was tow steady streams of instruction, the first based on Latin and literature and the second based upon mathematics which included geography, technical drawing, natural history and chemistry. The libraries contents were to be determined by the government to ensure that the government schools all used the same texts. In 180 Napoleon introduced the baccalureat, a national exam which include all areas of secondary study; it eventually became a requirement for any professional career. The Civil Code or Code Napoleon was another unifying project taken on by Bonaparte; it became an instrument of French rule in Europe and an object of replication all over the world. The main purpose of the Civil Code was to give order to the various legal systems of the past. The same laws would apply equally to all citizens regardless of social status. Economic liberalism was encouraged by the Code; this gave employees advantages over their workers. It embodied the modern notion of property ownership, ?the right to enjoy and dispose of one?s property, provided it is not used in a manner prohibited by law. All children were given the right to inherit the family?s estate equally. Marriage had become secularized and divorce permitted on the grounds of; parental consent, ill treatment, criminal conviction or adultery by a women. Women had been granted several civil rights during the Revolution; Napoleon put a stop to that. They were stripped of their property when married, treated like minors in law suits, and denied any political rights. The Codes have been adapted to recognize modern concepts but their basic structures still stays intact, abolishing privilege, recognizing individualism and equality and eradicate the legal system from a religious framework.

The Counsel d?Etat was a committee of experts who advised the first Counsel on administrative and legal business and were responsible for drafting legislation. They were not selected for their political loyalties but for their expertise they had. Prefects were present in every department of the Republic. Appointed by the First Counsel they became the essential agent for gathering information and of central control. They were given wider powers of administration and more freedom due to their distance form Paris. The prefects were agents of the government not supporters of revolutionary factions, they stood above all parties and their first loyalty was to the state. Appointments to the Senate were a way for Napoleon to pay his debts and reward his supporters. They held office for life, received a comfortable salary and given estates by Napoleon. As he grew comfortable with the thought that the Senators would comply with his wishes he used it to his advantage. The Senate had the power to issue decrees which would bypass the legislature, he could nullify parliamentary opposition. A new formation of social hierarchy was achieved, Napoleon gathered unto him notables, bound by a personal allegiance to the Emperor and loyal service to the state. There were three tiers, elected at local, departmental and national levels. State service and propertied wealth not birth and inherited rank would now determine social and political hierarchy. Land owners, administrators, professional men and businessmen were most representative of the new hierarchy. The military did not figure into this hierarchy, they were fully recognized in the creation of the imperial nobility, legion d?honneur. The Imperial Nobility also had a hierarchy, Grand Officers, Commanders, Officers and Legionnaires. At the summit of the military hierarchy stood the Marshals, they were an exclusive group never more than sixteen were active at one time. They were proof of the new opportunities for social promotion; talent would give rise no matter what the origin of birth. They enjoyed their titles, princes, dukes, counts, barons, and knights, by 1814 Napoleon had created more than 00 imperial titles. They were and open elite not a feudal order bound by blood, marriage. This seemed to be a return to the very principle that caused the Revolution, but these nobles did not enjoy tax exemptions and had no legal privileges. They received a title, land in a conquered territory and a coat of arms. If they wanted to make their title hereditary they needed enough francs to maintain it.

Napoleons affect on the economy of France can be broken down into three sections; agriculture, international trade and industrial change. The war and maritime blockades deprived of good, especially dyes and sugars which were in heavy demand form the expanding cotton industry. Substitute crops were introduced but were of minimal consequence. Champagne and wine sales flourished during this time. Share croppers and laborers received little material benefit, but larger land owners saw a different story. There were no spectacular advances in agriculture, they found it better extend the areas under cultivation to achieve greater productivity than to apply more sophisticated methods.

The Naval war and Continental Blockade disrupted the patterns of international trade. Middlemen and the United States ships inserted themselves more into the exchange network. Many dealers form Bordeaux set up offices in the United States, the enticing prospects offered by the Americans and the use of the Caribbean helped set up New York as an important international commercial center. Port cities were not the only ones affected, the shipyards lay idle and rope makers and sail makers as well as other industries geared towards oceanic trades.

College papers on Napoleon Bonarparte

The Continental System was set up to prevent Britain form exporting her manufactured goods to Europe, as to choke their economy. With out the British competition France could colonize the European markets. New commercial centers of trade were to be established since her seaports were stagnating. The river trade in Rhineland boomed exporting wines and tobacco; Strasbourg handled on-third of Frances imports and the territories exports. Once the era ended where France competed with Great Britain of global commercial supremacy, France began to emerge as a modern industrial power. The most important industry was textiles, cotton being the most predominate. It responded to the demand for cheaper printed materials, water powered and steam powered mills helped achieve this, as well as several millers taking all the parts of the production over. In the heavy industries like iron, steel and coal, technological advances were limited, but their production increased. In the years 1810-1811 the markets hit a slump due to over production and the economy took a downward turn. The economic balanced shifted permanently form the west to the east. All that Napoleon Bonaparte truly did was quench his own thirst for power and glory. If that thirst somehow coincided with what was best for France than France profited as well as Bonaparte himself. For all the advances that are still present in some form today in European culture he is still best remembered as the ?little General?.Please note that this sample paper on Napoleon Bonarparte is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Napoleon Bonarparte, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Napoleon Bonarparte will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from writing help service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

St Francis of Assisi

If you order your cheap term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on St Francis of Assisi. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality St Francis of Assisi paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in St Francis of Assisi, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your St Francis of Assisi paper at affordable prices with writing help service!

The aspect of Francis' spirituality, which this paper will try to explore, is the Eucharist and the enormous significance this sacrament held for him. In chapter CL11 of "The Second Life of St Francis" Celano writes that "Francis burned with a love that came from his whole being for the sacrament of the Lord's body…". Celano goes on to tell us that Francis attended Mass daily whenever possible and received Holy Communion frequently, "…with such devotion that he made others also devout."

There can be no doubt that the Eucharist was the central part of Francis' spirituality for in this sacrament he encountered the reality of Christ and his love for mankind; in addition, the Mass was important to him because he heard the Gospel proclaimed and participated in the commemoration of Christ's death on the cross.

Francis of Assisi (118-16) was a medieval man who had a limited formal education; for instance he probably composed his letters rather than wrote them himself. He was not a scholar or a theologian.

Francis lived in an era where "…there was appearing, almost everywhere, a kind of passionate straining towards the pure ideal of the Gospel". There was a general atmosphere of dissatisfaction with monastic life, a demand for a purer preaching of the Gospel, and reform of the secular clergy, many of whom were wealthy and lazy. In response to the lacily of many secular clerics and the rigidity and luxury of monastic life, nonconformist movements arose which focused on penitence and poverty. Such groups as the Cathars, the Albigensians and the Waldensians advocated, "lay preaching" and "apostolic poverty" as ways to return to basic Gospel values. These groups soon found themselves regarded as heretical when their doctrines grew ever more extreme and conflicted with official Church beliefs.

Cheap essay writing service offers papers on St Francis of Assisi

Francis on the other hand, though inspired by a similar motivation to embrace utter poverty of spirit and a simple, humble life of service in the Lord's name, remained always obedient to the Church authority, and frequently sought guidance from his advocate and friend, The Bishop of Assisi. Francis and his followers lived their lives of poverty and penance within the Church and in complete compliance to Papal directives. Francis was never doubted that the Catholic Church "…was the upholder and guardian of the truth. He thought her doctrine irrefutable and her faith the only guarantee for salvation of man (1Cee 6)"

Given St Francis' strong loyalty and love for the Church, it follows that for him as for the Church at large, the central act for worship was the Mass. In his desire to follow absolutely a way of life based on that of Jesus Christ, he found in the mystery of the Eucharist the inspiration to pursue his calling. In the Eucharist he met his crucified Lord, his humble Lord, and above all, his loving Lord. The reverence with which Francis regarded the Eucharist stemmed from his "…deep Theological insight into meaning. In it he discovered all that was required as the foundation for his life of penance. His love for this mystery grew out of his realization through faith that in it the whole redemptive work of God for us is once more made visible and tangible."

To discover what Francis actually taught and practiced regarding the Eucharist there is no better place to look than his writings. In the first of the Admonitions, entitled "The Blessed Sacrament", Francis pets out simply and unequivocally his belief that the bread and wine consecrated on the alter by the priest become the "most holy Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ." Speaking of Christ's humanity in this sacrament Francis states that "He shows himself to us in this sacred bread just as he once appeared to his apostles in real flesh." And again he says "We, too, with our own eyes, see only bread and wine, but we must see further and firmly believe that this is his most holy Body and Blood, living and true." For Francis there is no doubt the sacramental bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ as every Mass. This belief compliments Francis' devotion to the person of Jesus. As Ilia Delis states in his article "Francis and the Body of Christ"; "The emphasis on the body and blood of Christ points to the humanity of Christ, the real flesh and blood of God's presence upon earth."

There was no more sacred, significant meaningful or precious part of Francis' day that his attendance at Mass, daily Mass was a practice he urged upon his friars. In a letter, which Francis sent to a general chapter towards the end of his life when his followers included priests, he gives the following counsel

And so this is my advice, this is my earnest request in the Lord That in the places where the friars live only one Mass a day be said in the rite of the holy Church. If there are several priests in a place, each should be glad for the love of charity to have assisted at the celebration of the other.

The humility of Francis was one of the many ways he put into practice his calling to follow in the footsteps of Jesus Christ. He was profoundly attracted by Christ's humility and poverty; for instance Jesus' birth in the most basic of human circumstances moved him deeply. But above all else the mystery of Christ in the Eucharist was a marvel almost beyond words for him. In another section of his "Letter to a General Chapter" Francis expresses this as follows

O sublime humility! O humble sublimity! That the Lord of the whole universe, God and the Son of God, should humble himself like this and hide under the form of a little bread, for our salvation.

Being awestruck by Christ's real presence during the celebration of The Mass did not deter Francis from frequently receiving Communion. In this regard he behaved somewhat differently from hi contemporaries, for in the early thirteenth century, frequent Communion was not the normal practice, even amongst monks and nuns. Francis' desire to embrace the reality of Jesus in the Eucharist (as often as possible) runs parallel to his intense devotion to the humanity of Jesus Christ and his desire to follow his personal Savior as intimately as he could. It is not surprising that writers about Francis remark on the respect and veneration towards the reserved Eucharist and his concern that the blessed sacrament be stored in suitable places, that chalices and other items used at Mass be treated with car and reverence, along with the written word of God. It would seem that in Francis' time carelessness and even disrespect in these matters occurred quite often and Francis was at pains to connect practices, which seemed so unworthy to him. There occurs in Francis' own writings a number of instances when he urges greater respect; for instance the "Letter to all Superiors of The Friars Minor", the "Letter to a General Chapter" and the "Letter to all Clerics". In his "testament", written not long before his death, Francis repeats his teaching "Above everything else, I want this most holy Sacrament to be honored and venerated and reserved in places which are richly ornamented".

It follows that Francis had enormous respect for all priests and there are many expressions of this in his writings. Admonition XXVI has Francis stating that The Clergy "…are in privileged position because they have change of the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ…" Celano's "Second Life of St Francis" describes the saint as often saying that if he should have the opportunity to meet a saint from heaven and a poor priest he, Francis, "…would first show honor to the priest and quickly go to kiss his hands" . Whereas to the saint Francis would say "Wait, St Lawrence, for the hands of this one touch the Word of Life, and have something about them that is more than human" . This shows how deeply Francis believed that at the Eucharist the Word of Life becomes flesh among us, irrespective of whether the priest is a worthy on or not . Such faith impresses deeply despite the distance of eight hundred years because of the sincerely of Francis' words both written and reported.

What does Francis' attitude to the Eucharist have to offer to Christians of the Third millennium? I believe that in the first place Christians of today could learn from Francis' sense of awe and reverence regarding the Eucharist. Secondly, Francis' understanding that the Eucharist ideally invited one to live a Eucharistic life is relevant in all eras. Thirdly, Francis' emphasis on peace and joy could well begin for modern men and women with the Eucharist, the sacrament of unity.

Modern Christians are capable of being as neglectful and irreverent towards the Eucharist as Francis' contemporaries. Believing as we do, that we live in a more sophisticated age than Francis and having the benefit of centuries of education and theological study about the Eucharist available to us, as well as a multitude of other spiritualities which may enrich us, perhaps the centrality of the Eucharist to our lives is not like it was to Francis. Francis' beliefs were not couched in theological terms because he was a man simplicity, yet his belief that the Mass connected him in a real and personal and intimate way to the person of Jesus Christ is so lucidly expressed so often in his writings, that we must conclude that this sacrament was central to his life, that it was supremely important over and above all his other beliefs and religious activities. The wonder of this sacrament was never diminished in Francis' eyes. Today's custom of receiving Communion at every Mass, unlike the practice in Francis' day, could perhaps have contributed to an attitude of greater familiarly and lesser reverence. That which has become routine in today's busy world can also have lost its luster of awe and mystery. I believe St. Francis sets a great example for us today.

Just as Jesus Christ lived his life for all, so did Francis in his wish to follow and imitate Christ. Francis' original ministry to the lepers who were society's outcasts, was inspired and sustained by his faith that in the Eucharist he was embraced by Jesus Christ and thereby invited to embrace all he encountered, especially the poor, the sick, the untouchable, those whom Jesus has sought out in his life time. This idea cannot be less relevant in 00 than in the thirteenth century. The Eucharist joins us to all our sisters and brothers and invites us to live out this relationship in daily life, as Francis did so perfectly. Ilia Delis expresses this in following way

If Eucharist means finding oneself internally related to every other, including one's enemies, and embracing the other in love, than it is indeed the source of a truly catholic personality and the seed of a new creation, whereby all humanity is bound in a unity of love.

The example of Francis as a man who so extolled the blessings of peace and joy can be an inspiration in this third millennium where we daily encounter disunity, inequality, social injustice, war and all degrees of enmity. The Eucharist, which Francis saw as the sacrament of unity, remains that today, if we adopt this consciousness. Francis found in the Mass his main source of love, peace and joyful self-giving, always aware that these were the gifts of the Jesus he encountered there. Could not these same gifts transform whatever situation we may be in on a personal level, and assist to bring healing to our imperfect world?Please note that this sample paper on St Francis of Assisi is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on St Francis of Assisi, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on St Francis of Assisi will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from writing help service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Gatsby

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Gatsby. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Gatsby paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Gatsby, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Gatsby paper at affordable prices with writing help service!

Examine the opening of 'The Great Gatsby' show how Fitzgerald establishes the character of Nick Carraway as the narrator of the novel. What particular qualities does Fitzgerald create for his narrator?

Fitzgerald decided to employ a narrator who was a participant in the story, but was more an observer than an actor. This creates a complex point of view, which involves us, as readers, in acts of interpretation, which eventually lets us make judgments about the narrator. The qualities that Fitzgerald has given to the narrator, Nick Carraway, are those of a privileged background. But from the advice that was given to him by his father, this makes him aware that some people may not have the same privileges and opportunities as himself, which allows him to make good judgments, for example, 'In consequence, I'm inclined to reserve all judgments.' So from this the reader can see that he looks at all sides of opinions, and does not make snap decisions, which allows people to tell him their secrets because he is trustworthy, impartial and holds back his judgments. Which is why in the story, so many people open up to him. This impartiality allows the characters in the novel to be open with him, which is a good quality for a narrator, because he has their confidence, 'Listen, Nick; let me tell you what is said when she was born. Would you like to hear?' This proves that he is the ideal listener and as such is accepted by the reader.

In the opening Nick has returned to the Midwest, and is writing a book about events that occurred during a period that he had spent on the East Coast of America. He begins his narration with some self-analysis, trying to pin down relevant aspects of his own character. He remembers his father's advice to show tolerance towards others, and to reserve judgment, adding that, 'Reserving judgments is a matter of infinite hope.' Here the reader can see that Fitzgerald uses a narrator who is aware of his own limitations, so that it gives the impression that he is not biased. However it does reveal that Nick is privy to intimate revelations and secrets, therefore he can make an analysis on what he has been told. Fitzgerald also says that Nick stands back, so Nick does not allow his own judgment to prejudice his own opinion, which means he is confident in his judgments.

Later although Nick describes how scornful he is of certain aspects of Gatsby's character and behaviour, other attributes of Gatsby's 'heightened sensitivity to the promises of life' and his 'extraordinary gift of hope' make the reader aware of Nick's ability as a narrator to show not only the negative but the positive sides of a character. Despite his dislike of Gatsby it does not interfere with the unlimited respect he also feels for the man. Therefore the reader aware of this can respect Nick's role as the narrator. It is the romantic dream that Nick admires and stimulates his curiosity about Gatsby, 'what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.' Although this is a subjective judgment the reader now trusts the narrator in Nick Carraway sufficiently, to become as interested in Gatsby as Nick himself.

Cheap writing service for your Gatsby paper

But Nick does say little about his own family, although his father runs the hardware business, at the time of the American civil war, in which he avoided service. Nick, on the other hand, was caught up in the First World War, and that had caused considerable disruption in his life. On his return from Europe, he found that the Midwest that was once, 'the warm centre of the world' now seemed 'the ragged edge of the universe.' Nicks experience of the world has grown therefore when he comes back he naturally sees things that he does not like, 'makes me restless.' This makes Nick more aware of life, so due to his experiences he is more understanding to other people, and their problems, which makes him sympathetic. The privileged background shows the reader that Nick's family is well educated, for example he was well read, 'one year I wrote a series of very solemn and obvious editorials for the Yale News.' But despite all these things, it makes him less critical of other people, which makes him more tolerant and open minded, and these are good qualities, and establish his character.

Fitzgerald uses Nick Carraway as the narrator, because it allows the reader to feel closer to the action, 'I enjoyed the counter raid so thoroughly that I came back restless.' At the same time, it is clear that the act of telling is part of the process by which he comes to terms with those experiences and develops his understanding of them. Nevertheless, it is immediately noticeable that Nick's style of writing is challenging his sentences can be grammatically complex, and his vocabulary is at times obscure. For example, 'frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or hostile levity when realised by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon.' Which means, that he sometimes pretends to be asleep, when someone always wants to confide in him. Fitzgerald gives Nick pretentious literary qualities, to emphasise that he is well educated, enjoys writing and is intellectual. This is good for a narrator, as it gives a voice of authority to the reader to inform, educate and entertain, so the reader will respect and listen to Nick, and not question his ability as a good storyteller. Nick also establishes at the start that he is writing an account and Fitzgerald has attributed to him a certain amount of self- consciousness as a writer.

Nick's self analysis of his own character reveals to the reader his open mindedness and therefore he appears to be more impartial, an important skill for a narrator, convincing the reader of his worthiness and ability in telling a story from an unbiased view point. ''Now, don't think my opinion on these matters is final,' he seemed to say, 'just because I'm stronger and more of a man than you are.'' So the information he offers to the reader, although coloured by his own character, allows Nick's narration to be more neutral. However this is also a reminder to the reader that Nick's assessment of the other characters in the novel is inevitably going to be coloured by his own analysis. He even says, 'after boasting this way of my tolerance, I come to the admission that it has a limit.' But by openly placing Nick as the narrator, Fitzgerald is allowing Nick to express his own limitations, and this allows the reader to access Nick's ability as a storyteller.

Nick's reference to his father's advice establishes one of the novel's major themes, that of the relationship between the present and the past and with what is transferred from one generation to another. It is also relevant to the twentieth century history of America, for having broken away from the father-like rule of European monarchy, it declared itself a new country, free from the limitations of the past. So this American commitment to the future, where anything might happen, is also suggested by Nick's evidence on 'reserving judgment' as a matter of 'infinite hope'. The national faith that it is never too late to start again continues. We can see that it is Gatsby's 'extraordinary gift of hope', which ultimately draws Nick to him. So whatever Nick is drawn to, so is the audience, because of his skill as a narrator, he makes them read the story.

What attracts Nick is the dream of a new beginning, which has long been associated in the American mind, with movement westward. After moving east in order to seek material success, Nick has now returned to the Midwest, to the heart of America, where he is able to pause and reflect upon the past few years. Nick declares with irony, that in going east he 'was a guide, a pathfinder, an original settler.'

Nick and Gatsby both live in the New York suburb of West Egg. It is less fashionable than nearby East Egg, and its name carries with it implication of America's Frontier past. Here the suggestion is that both Nick and Gatsby preserve American ideals that have been lost in the modern cities of the East. This is, of course, ironic, as both Eggs are located on the East Coast. There is even more irony from the name 'Egg's' as they are supposed to promise new life, when in fact they are lifeless rocks. Because both Nick and Gatsby share a common ideal, these values allow Nick as a narrator to let Gatsby confine in him and give more credence to his role as a narrator in the eyes of the reader.

In my opinion the success of the novel is due to Fitzgerald's control of how the figure of Gatsby is presented to the reader through Nick's narration. The character and personality of Gatsby has been filtered through Nick's narration at a suitable pace and with appropriate emphasis to maintain the reader's interest without eliminating the enigmatic qualities of Gatsby. When Nick expresses his doubts as well as his pride at the beginning of the novel we appreciate that he has his faults too. However his honesty as a narrator overcomes this and the reader can believe in him. So as the reader is piecing together the puzzle of Gatsby, he at the same time has to adjust to the values that are being put forward by the narrator Nick Carraway, who is telling Gatsby's story. It is easy to imagine that if Fitzgerald had been too hasty in the narration, or had revealed too much at the wrong time, we could have a very different book, one in which Gatsby appeared a ridiculously comic or unambiguously threatening character. It is Nick's skill as the narrator which is partially responsible for this.

Word Count = 1,645Bibliography The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Great Gatsby York Notes Advanced

The Collection of Critical Essays Arthur Mizener

Please note that this sample paper on Gatsby is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Gatsby, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Gatsby will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from writing help service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Society: The effect of television on society

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Society: The effect of television on society. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Society: The effect of television on society paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Society: The effect of television on society, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Society: The effect of television on society paper at affordable prices!

Recent studies from all around the world have proved that Television has an effect on people as individuals and as a whole. We have coined the phrase "couch potato" for people who sit around watching TV all the time. There has been numerous studies on people of all ages from toddlers to senior citizens on what effects television has on the human psyche. No one can say and believe that television has no effects on society. It is argued constantly whether television reflects society or society reflects what they see on television. TV has become a major part of every American home. Many other developed countries are just the same. Society is what is on television. It is real people acting like another real person writes them to act. Society is making TV so in my opinion neither society or TV actually "reflect" one another, but they blend into pure entertainment. One way or the other, people and society as a whole are affected by television in many ways. Many People like to argue that television is horrible and that it ruins kids minds. There is good evidence to support this view also. Robert DuRant is one of the many people that believe what children are exposed to teaches them how they are supposed to act. He has studied how exposure to violence in the media results in fighting, carrying a weapon, and an intention to use violence. In a study done in 1 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, it was shown that American children watch an average of three to four hours of television a day. (American 1) The most suprising results of DuRant's studies were that girls were more affected than boys were. Kids who had already seen violence on television were more likely to imitate what they saw and were more likely to be violent in school. Often children who see violence on the television cannot differentiate what is reality and what is television. This can mean big trouble for the child and the people who may be around the child when he chooses to figure out the hard way. Whether television is "horrible" or not is everyone's own opinion, but it does effect society's young and old. (McLellan 1-) There has also been studies about TV making Americans fat. When you throw in a Big Mac and some fries with two and a half hours of TV a day, of course your going to gain weight. Unfortunately many Americans today actually do this on a daily basis. Not saying that television makes us fat by itself. Like the Big Mac I mentioned before, fast food is really blamed for making Americans fat. Television has proved a major cut in exercise and physical activities simply because it provides something else to do. Before television was around people did things outside because there was not much point in sitting around inside. People did read, but most of the time people read before bed or after they have been active and are relaxing. This is another way that television affects society and the people who make it up. Television consists of images and situations within which we grow up and live. In other words, we learn from TV whether we even realize it or not. At any time of day you can turn on the television and see something that you have never seen before. If you are not even paying attention you might even catch something subliminally. Considering how much Americans watch TV now days, most people seem to be paying more attention than that though. It is the same thing as sporting events have done to kids even before television. Before television, but not before sports, all boys wanted to be a football player, baseball player or some sports star. Now days there are still those who want to do those things because they see them on TV, but there is also those who want to be movie stars and newscasters. This alone proves that television has effected society just by the fact that it has created a humongous amount of jobs. Some people shape their lives around being on and around the television business. Others shape their lives around watching television. How many women do you know, and even some younger girls, that tape their favorite soap or soaps when they have to go somewhere during the day. Everyone knows at least one woman who does or has done this. This is also an example of an effect of television on society, planning around what comes on TV. Some specific shows have been shown to influence peoples behaviors. WWF, for example, has been proven to increase not only the use of violence, but also the use of cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, and more. (McLellan 1-) What are kids thinking when they are watching wrestling and the coolest guy comes out and downs a beer and then wins the match. They are thinking, man that is cool, I want to be like him. Okay, so all kids do not think exactly this way, but a good number of them do. Oprah influences society in another way. Millions of women watch Oprah every day and pay very close attention to what she and her guests have to say. Women ask Oprah and Dr. Phil their most important questions. How does TV not affect society again? Oh yeah, it really affects society in many ways and on more than one level. Advertising companies sure do believe that television has an effect society. If they did not think that television was affecting people they would not pay hundreds of thousands, and even millions of dollars during big events, for thirty second commercials. The commercials during the super bowl have become almost as popular as the game itself and recently have cost brand names billions of dollars. Companies pay big money to advertise during the Olympics also. Advertising companies are really developed around advertising on television, because almost every American has a TV in his or her house. Violence is all over the media these days and it too affects the way society sees reality. Humans are unconsciously attracted to violence and when TV writers were finally allowed to show it on television they knew it would be a jackpot. Television networks will put violence in a commercial for a show that will come on later to attract the viewer's eye and make him or her want to watch the show. (Szaflik 1) This is sad but true. Can we stop it now that it has gone this far though? Children are the most influenced by watching TV. Children are still learning new things every single day and are exited about it. What they see on TV makes them wonder about all the situations that they are seeing. Depending on what they are watching this could be a very bad or a very good thing. For a kid who grows up watching I Love Lucy and the Discovery Channel, he should be fine. He will still be influenced by all of the shows ideas and situations, but he will be learning reasonably good things. But the kid who grows up watching gangster movies and horror films with violence and sex in them might not turn out so fine and dandy. This child is going to grow up with all the wrong ideas about sex and violence and life itself. While not every kid will be a screw up because they watched rated R films when they were young, the ones without good families will more than likely become one. Television now is way worse than what was shown on the big screen in the 50's. And violence and sex offenses have raised non-stop since then. This is an effect that TV has on society. While television can be good entertainment and even educational, some is also bad. No matter which way one chooses to look at the matter, television does affect society. Television not only affects society in the short-term, but also in the long. Columbia University's Jeffery Johnson did a study on about 700 boys and girls about some longer-term effects of television viewing. He and other researchers followed the kids for seventeen years and took into consideration family income, childhood neglect, and psychiatric disorders. With all these things accounted for, the fact still remained that violent television viewing resulted in adults who behaved more aggressively than people who viewed TV much less. This study was published in Science magazine. The editorial that accompanied the study said that it probably underestimated the effects of TV violence. Research shows that one average hour of television viewing contains four or five acts of violence. Most cartoons contain twenty to twenty five violent acts an hour. America's first major study on the effects of violence on television was a 17 U.S. surgeon generals report that said, Televised violence, indeed, does have an adverse effect on certain members of our society. (Blakey 1) Shannon Kennedy believes that television is a drug. She believes it is addictive and a destroyer of human life. Not unlike drugs or alcohol, the television experience allows the viewer to blot out the real world and enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state. The worries and anxieties of reality are ignored by becoming absorbed in a television program as by going on a trip induced by drugs or alcohol. And just as alcoholics are only vaguely aware of their addiction, feeling that they control their drinking more than they really do, people similarly overestimate their control over television watching. Even as they put off other activities to spend hour after hour watching television, they feel they could easily resume living an active, non-television watching life. With television pleasures available, those other experiences seem less attractive, more difficult because it requires one to actually get up and do something for themselves. 66 percent of American homes have more than three television sets in their homes. 54 percent of kids have a set in their bedrooms. Billions of dollars are spent each year on advertising just for TV shows because commercials influence people to watch more TV, and this is what they are going for. (Kennedy 1) Television has been affecting society ever since people could purchase a set. Television has become a major part of today's society and affects everyone who spends time watching it. I am not saying that TV is bad even though most of the evidence of it affecting society in negative. I believe that television can be a useful educational tool and great entertainment. It is everyone's own opinion whether television is a good idea. People like Kennedy think that it is a drug, and many scientists think it causes people to commit crimes and be more aggressive in older ages. Either way you look at it television does affect society. REFERENCES American Acadamy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Children and TV Violence. July nd, 00. Blakey, Rea. "Study links TV Viewing Among Kids to Later Violence." CNN.com. August 4th, 00. Kennedy, Shannon. Television and Society Viewing Ourselves in a Box. August 4th, 00 McLellan, Faith. "Do Violent Movies Make Violent Children?" Szaflik, Kevin. School page. July 00 QuestionsPlease note that this sample paper on Society: The effect of television on society is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Society: The effect of television on society, we are here to assist you. Your on Society: The effect of television on society will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport paper at affordable prices!

Introduction

Success starts with one most powerful asset ones brain. Strengthening this tool is paramount for success. As the premise states, "the role of the mind in sports performance is crucial for success…" It is important to acknowledge that successful athletic performance is a function of not only what the athlete does, but also what the athlete thinks. In turn, the ultimate athletic performance can only be realized when both the mind, through psychological training, and the body, through physiological and skills training, attain their fullest potential. Beggs (10) asserts "when an athlete goes out on the field, for a contest, he does not leave his mind tucked away in a locker with his shoes, his watch and his hat…the best athletes use almost every faculty of their minds when they go into a contest" (p 56).

There has been much speculation on how to define motivation. One version explains it as 'an intervening process or an internal state of an organism that impels or drives it to action' (Reber 185, p454). Motivation is a broad subject and this report discusses the theory of achievement motivation.

Achievement motivation is a person's effort to succeed at a task, achieve excellence, persist in the face of failure, perform better than others and experience pride in accomplishments (Gill 186, Murray 18, citied in Gould and Weinberg 000). These motives that allow an athlete to achieve may be classed as intrinsic, extrinsic or amotivated. Intrinsic motivation arises in a person involved in an activity due to interest or personal satisfaction. A person is extrinsically motivated to achieve a reward or benefit in the outcome of said event, such as a trophy, money or fame, where these are perceived as desirable assets. Kowal and Fortier (000) stipulate that amotivation refers to lack of motivation with is no apparent intention to participate in an activity.

An athlete able to enter and maintain the desired 'intrinsic motivational' state outlined by Gill, Murray, Gould, Weinberg may give a distinct advantage during an athletes mental preparation, which is often an undervalued factor in success. Experience and practice typically lead to improvement, ergo the more experienced an athlete the more technical their mental preparation may be. Followers of the tai-chi martial art form are noted for their attention to mental preparation, and anecdotal evidence suggest that at elite levels of any competition or activity, preparation and will become the deciding factor.

A reasonable question is whether mental training is worth getting better at. Athletes spend a lot of time preparing for competition. Practices and fitness training are all about technical, tactical and physical preparation for competition. As a result, they become highly skilled in these areas. However, the ability to utilise this potential in competition depends largely on their mental skills, which unfortunately usually receive less attention and training.

The purpose of this study is to identify what role motivation plays in improving athlete performances, through psychology examination of three sportspeople and understanding how they improve their performance. The role of motivation and the problems associated with motivational levels affecting their performance will be outline and discussed. Observing the mental training and motivational methods used by these athletes will help to illustrate the factors that help athletes to succeed.Method

Participants

The subjects chosen for this study are three sportspeople who are Rugby League players. The individuals are from the same age group although each competes at a different level.

Subject 1 17-year-old first grade representative who started playing at the age of ten due to a lack of interest in his previous sport, which was soccer. He plays every Saturday just to keep fit and healthy.

Subject 0-year-old first grade representative who started playing at the age of 14 at school. He competes at the reserve grade level and plays for the Cronulla Sharks.

Subject 8-year-old first grade representative who plays for the Cronulla Sharks and has had an interest with the sport since the age of 7 when his parents placed him into a weekend activity sport with the local club.

Measure

In order to identify what effects the motivation levels, methodologies used and motivational problems encountered had in improving each individuals' performance, an interview and two surveys were jointly conducted. Survey 1 is a Mental Skills Profile and Survey is a Mental Training Checklist. The interview was designed to explore the athlete's background and views on Rugby League. The two surveys were used to identify the methodologies they chose and the motivation of the subjects to improve their performance.

Procedure

Firstly, permission was gained in order to conduct the interview with each interview after a brief discussion on the assignment. Secondly, the interview was conducted by direct contact with the three subjects at each individual's house on request. Finally, the two surveys were given to them to answer after interview. Results

Table 1, and summarise the results from the interview that gathered information relating to the athletes background, their view on rugby league. The main aim of conducting the interview was to investigate what do sportspeople do to improve their sports performance, how important do sportspeople view motivation with respect to performance and how do sportspeople deal with problems associated with motivation?

The results from Survey 1 outline the individual's attitude in any given situation regarding to the sport. It illustrates the athletes' mental state, whether it is positive or negative by allowing the athlete to nominate a set grade as outlined in the survey.

The results from Survey outline the athletes' mental state in any given situation. Subjects covered include; motivation, confidence, thought habits, focus and visualization.

Both the table and surveys illustrate and identify each athlete's motivation and the methodologies used by them to improve performance.

(Please refer to Appendix for full transcripts of interviews and surveys).Table 1 Summary of results obtained from the three interviews

Subject 1 Subject Subject

Define motivation Something that makes you want to do something. To be enthusiastic and driven to try and achieve your set goal. A positive mental attitude in a given situation or set of circumstances.

What is your prime motivation for participating in your chosen sport? I want to reach my short-term and long- term goals. I strive to be like my Rugby League hero, Peter Sterling. Recognition is really important to me. I want people to be able to see my skill and ability to play. I also set short-term goals. Winning and having the recognition of being one of the top players in Australia.I set short-term goals to achieve them.

How do you get motivated and remain motivated throughout the game? Verbally psyching myself up. My teammates and coach also encourage me Enthusiasm is vital. As an elite player, my mental state is my competitive advantage. Self-motivator's, which I have studied and practiced throughout my sporting life. Having the right frame of mind is critical.

What role do you feel motivation plays in relation to your performance? No real important role. I feel my performance and skill is what is important. It is very important, as we are basically all very competitive and elite. Motivation is what I focus on, as it will make me succeed. It plays the most important role in professional rugby, as we are all talented. The major difference is our motivation.

Table Summary of results obtained from the three interviews

Subject 1 Subject Subject

List the best things about Rugby League GirlsFightsMeeting new friends Performing wellWinningSatisfaction RecognitionFinalsMoney

List the worst things about Rugby League InjuriesTime wastageMissing social events InjuriesLosingTraining LosingInjuriesHard workout and training

How do you deal with these problems? Sometimes my friends and team- mates give me support. I'm Motivation from the coach and team- mates. Having a good attitude at all times. I also initiate a one-on-one session with my sport psychologist sometimes. Being enthusiastic no matter what. Believing in myself at all times and by being positive. My wife and coach are really good to talk too.

Do you use mental preparation? If so, list and explain. No, not really. Off course, you have too. I tend to focus on affirmation and imagery. I find that thinking of the moves I have learnt helps me in my confidence. You better believe it. Self-talk is a major one. It makes me believe in myself as I'm continually telling myself 'I can do it'. I also like the team to participate.

Table Summary of results obtained from the three interviews

Subject 1 Subject Subject

Are you always mentally prepared for a game? No. Well I try to be, as its vital for motivation and performance. We do our best. It is the biggest challenge as there are always external factors to consider. Our pep-up meetings at training and before the game help me focus.

Has lack of mental preparation ever affected your performance? Yes off course. I'm starting to realize that it is quite important. It's really common sense. Unfortunately, yes it has. I try and focus on always being mentally prepared however sometimes it's a difficult task to maintain. Sadly, there have been a few situations where my performance was not to my potential due to lack of mental preparation.

What do you do to improve your performance? Well I practice during training and I eat well. I focus on my self-esteem level and I also train hard and try to be enthusiastic. I do many things. I train hard, I eat well, I use self-motivators, which boost my confidence level.

Discussion

The importance of mental training increases at more elite levels. When athletes are young and just learning the technical, tactical and physical skills of a game, their learning curve is steep. A true example of this is Subject 1, however the athlete is not motivated and has no enthusiasm to succeed. Even though, there's a lot of room for improvement and he improve quickly. At elite levels, most players are approaching their performance ceiling and the learning curve slows down. This is a true example of Subject and . Consequently, teams are often similar in terms of technical, tactical and physical skills at this level. Everybody is good. If you're looking for an advantage over an opponent, mental training can be huge. The main reason is that not many opponents work conscientiously on this part of their game. So, developing strong mental skills can provide a major advantage. Both Subject and recognise the importance of motivation with respect to performance, and state that it is one of the most vital factors for their success.

Subject 1 clearly illustrates amotivation, which was earlier referred too as a lack of motivation with is no apparent intention to participate in an activity. The reason for his failure in performance is due to many reasons, one being the lack of mental preparation before a game. Graham states that, "How we feel before we compete has a lot to do with how we compete. Your optimal pre-competitive state is the mindset that has always been associated with excellent performances in your past. Said another way, it is the mindset you perform most effectively with. When preparing for competition, self-regulation involves understanding what your optimal pre-competitive state feels like, then using relaxation and visualization skills to get there."

In order for Subject 1 to improve his sport performance, he must focus on mental preparation prior to the game and training sessions. The Coach also has an important role in motivating and analyzing Subject 1's attitude in order to assist with other critical aspects such as confidence and concentration not only motivation.

Subject uses the technique of imagery, as he believes that it is crucial in Rugby League to have the right mental approach, to be successful. Cumming et al (001) expresses that, "Imagery exerts a beneficial effect on the acquisition and performance of a motor skill…Imagery has cognitive and motivational functions". In simplest terms, imagery can be likened to daydreaming. It is simply the process whereby an individual sees and feels pictures or images in the mind. Graham (000) states, "It also is a tool that elite athletes have been using for years to maximize their competitive

performance. Jean-Claude Killy, one of only two individuals to win three gold medals in alpine skiing in the same Olympics, reported that he always mentally went through each gate on the ski course, as he stood in the starting gate. Similarly, the great professional golfer Jack Nicklaus, reported that he never hit a golf ball until he visually saw himself hitting the ball in his mind. In fact, there would be few athletes competing at elite levels anywhere who would not use imagery systematically in both practice and competition".

Subject is very goal driven. He continually sets short-term goals in order for them to be reached, which assists in motivation, confidence and enthusiasm. In turn, this will assist him in reaching his ultimate long-term goals. This is a very efficient and effective technique, as by setting the short-term goals, and by achieving them, this is motivating him to keep a positive outlook on achieving his long-term goals. As it is stated that, "Goal setting is a hugely powerful technique that can yield strong returns in all areas of sport. At its simplest level, the process of setting goals and targets allows you to choose what you want to achieve in your sport" (Markland 1, p158). The athlete knowing what they want to achieve, are also aware of what they must concentrate on and improve, and what the distinctions are. Goal setting gives the athlete long-term vision and short-term motivation.

It would not be precise to state that motivation is the only factor, which affects sports performance. One has to consider other vital factors, as being a successful athlete involves a variety of different abilities and skills. A successful athlete will peak in his or her performance when they have captured the skill and capability of maintaining confidence, intensity, concentration and motivation. It is said that there is always room for improvement and that no one is perfect, this statement holds force throughout this report. Through further study and investigation, it would be suggested that one should focus on all the issues which affect an athletes performance, which will in turn give an in depth insight into athletic performance and success.References

Beggs, W.D.A (10). Goal setting in sport. In J.G. Jones and L. Hardy (Eds.), Stress and performance in sport (pp. 56-170). Chichester, UK John Wiley and Sons.

Brunstein, J. (1). Personal goals and subjective well-being A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061-1070.

Cumming JL, Ste-Marie DM (001) The cognitive and motivational effects of imagery training A matter of perspective. Sports Psychologist Vol5() Sep 00176-88.

Gould, D Weinberg, RS (000) Foundations of Sport and Exercise Pathology (nd ed). United States of America human Kinetics.

Graham, T (000) Developing a mental and emotional edge. [Online]. Available http//www.usask.ca/sportmedsci/mental/edgesoccer.HTM [18 May 00].

Kowal, J Fortier, MS (000) Testing relationships from hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using flow as a motivational consequence.

Markland D (1) Self-determination moderates the effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation in an exercise setting. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Vol 1(4) Dec 151-61.

Reber, AS (185) The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology. England Penguin Books.

Scanlan, T.K. and Lewthwaite, R. (186). Social psychological aspects of competition in male youth sport participants. Predictors of enjoyment. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 5-5.

Stated in the essay

Please note that this sample paper on Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Mental and Physical Preparation for Sport will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Socialism: The Family Planning Solution

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Socialism: The Family Planning Solution paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Socialism: The Family Planning Solution, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Socialism: The Family Planning Solution paper at affordable prices with writing help service!

Socialism The Family Planning Solution

Between 1 and 145 the Jewish population went from fifteen million to nine million. Jewish people were unjustly singled out for persecution and many lost everything before the sadistic mastermind could be stopped.

"The local headquarters for the Firma Otto Heil […] located in the town of Kamionka […] was by no means the only large German company to move operations to Polish soil to reap greater wartime profits. I.G. Farben had a large chemical factory in Monowitz, part of the Auschwitz complex. […] Whenever the claim is made that no one knew about the death camps and exploitation of Jewish labor, it should be remembered that these giant companies, many still in business, made use of this labor and that thousands of their employees worker right alongside the dying, skeletal Jews" (Halpern 5).

America stands on the brink of facing her own "Holocaust" if action is not taken. The current capitalist society is basically a politicians' democracy which creates the perfect breeding ground for such atrocities to occur. The American people already allow for killing by abortion. By outlawing this practice the population will increase and society will have to develop a more complete welfare system that is possible only through socialism. Transformation of the current family planning system by abolishing abortion would facilitate the transition in America to a worker's democracy, that being socialism.

Essay service for your Socialism: The Family Planning Solution paper

Socialism is an economic and political pact that stresses public and community ownership of profitable property. Properties used to manufacture goods and services, such as land and industrial sites, are considered profitable. Within the constructs of this society all people able, excluding children and those of retirement age, are expected to work. Community ownership is viewed as the solution to the abundant public problems that plague civilizations, such as poverty and the inequalities found among the different social classes of people.

Karl Marx, by far the most significant socialist in history, co-wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848) with Friedrich Engels which ultimately led to the formation of the First International (Schneck 1). Marx, a philosopher and economist, and Engels, a journalist, were both Germans who saw private property as the downfall of modern societies. Marx contended that the weaknesses of capitalism would foster its deterioration, thus enabling the working class to eradicate private property. The First International convened in 1865 in London and resulted in the idea of a revolution towards state socialism, rule strictly by the working class (1).

While many socialists agreed with the First International, some believed that reform needed to occur gradually rather than from an abrupt transformation. This concept, termed moderate socialism, matured throughout the later 1800's and early 100's to become the central focus of many new socialist groups. The Fabian Society, established in 1884 in the United Kingdom, was just one outcome of the new movement (1).

Although socialism surfaced in Europe in the 1800's, it did not find a home in the United States until 101 (). Eugene V. Debs, who ran for president of the United States four times, and Victor L. Berger, who served in Congress, were influential members of the Socialist Party (). The Socialist Party, a combination of labor advocates and Christian socialists, managed to influence politics without ever having a candidate win the presidential election. The Christian socialists emphasized biblical visions of communal property with each individual working towards a united goal of harmony. The Socialist Party also sprouted presidential candidate Norman M. Thomas whose ideas influenced the national recovery aspects of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal ().

Despite the fact that many socialist ideas were being utilized in the United States, the Cold War weakened the interest of socialism because many connected it with Communism. This lack of attraction during the 140's and 150's paved the way for the development of a new socialism during the 160's and 170's designated the New Left (). Sizeable capitalist corporations, advertising effects, and lack of adequate welfare programs were scrutinized by affiliates Herbert Marcuse, Noam Chomsky and Michael Harrington. The fall of the Soviet Union in 11, left many regarding socialism as inferior which furthered the need for socialist groups to adopt various other names in order to operate effectively.

Age-old beliefs such as "it takes a village to raise a child" ring true, even today, and can be used in conjunction with socialism to help ease serious societal problems. Children, especially in low-income areas, run rampant and lack some much needed guidance. A comprehensive welfare system is not the only benefit that socialism would have on these communities. The very basis of socialism demands that the needs of everyone be considered alike, with the good of all humankind as the goal. To instill such a feeling of worth and importance in people who were formerly repressed would do wonders for humanity. No longer would big businesses be allowed to exploit their workers. Economic diversities would diminish thus alleviating the immense poverty issues that plague America's cities.

Medically assisted procreation (MAP) has become increasingly more prevalent in recent years, with an estimated 500,000 children born to artificially inseminated women by 18 (Githens 1). Whereas most activists hold steadfast ideas concerning the status of the fetus when dealing with abortion, the leftover MAP embryos have created a gray area of controversy. Although artificial insemination has been on record since the 1700's, it was the technology of cryogenic preservation that paved the way for in vitro fertilization (IVF) to vastly expand fertility options (11). Cryogenic preservation, the process of freezing and thawing sperm (140), fertilized embryos and ova has been regarded as a miracle by many couples who long for a family (11). Anti-abortionists question what happens to the remainder of the embryos whom are not chosen. They fail to find a distinction between the end result of the surplus of embryos and direct abortions. The world faces various imminent dangers due to overpopulation yet society allows for the artificial creation of life.

Family planning has become just another name for eugenics. MAP is an expensive process which allows it to retain an elite status. Politicians and physicians introduced artificial insemination slowly and have concentrated on exploiting its intense emotional effects on families to gain support from American citizens. As technology advanced, prospective parents could begin choosing certain genetic traits such as sex, hair and eye color, and soon personality and intelligence, as well as avoiding birth defects. "Applied biogenetics, as well as MAP, are thus immediately labeled as tools of racism, a first step toward the horrific Final Solution of Nazi Germany" (1). Eliminating socialists became the aspirations of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini due to the fundamental effect that socialists had in preventing the Nazi occupation of Europe. Socialism must awaken in humanity in order to prevent history from repeating itself.

Family planning activists argue that the Roe v. Wade (17) decision did not invent abortion. On that argument the abortion activists are correct, but they neglect to admit that their "victory" opened the door for eugenics. Politicians allowed for the significance of the decision to be placed on the shoulders of women's rights to disguise the underlying after shocks they desired. Throughout American history the seeds of change have been planted unusually long before a desired harvest of conversion. This is exemplified by the Population Council having to hide their underlying motive to ultimately change the current family planning policy from the media during the 150's (Baker ). By turning the focus of family planning, including abortion, to a women's rights campaign movement the research necessary to carry out eugenics was allowed to proceed openly, although under false pretenses.

Many maintain that socialism lacks the necessary economic flexibility that the technological world receives from capitalism. Socialism would eliminate the economic depressions that have plagued the United States during its history, including the one it is currently in. Capitalism may provide plasticity, but it also drives a wedge between the social classes of people and causes extreme unrest. It is not by coincidence that the richest and most influential individuals and corporations glorify capitalism; they are the ones with the most to lose. Ironically, it is those people who also would benefit the greatest from the implementation of socialism, which would allow them to assess their worth from within instead of materialistically.

At the beginning of the twentieth century Germany had expertise in various fields of knowledge, such as science, medicine and technology. They were an exceedingly educated and an unquestionably cultured society, yet they lacked the vital component of ethics. "The Holocaust was different because it came at the hands of those we would have been certain were incapable of committing atrocities. […] The death camps were designed by professors and built by Ph.D.s." (Blech 1). The United States today in the 1st century finds itself on the forefront of much technological advancement. Whereas no one contends the hi-tech aspects of American society, can anyone be assured that ethical standards are being utilized? If we do not learn from our history then we are doomed to repeat its horrific events. Socialists were targeted by Hitler and Mussolini because socialism way the only way to stop the Nazi activity. Politician Eduard Bernstein asserted that "socialism must be achieved within a democratic system" by making "members of the middle class […] allies and striv[ing] for practical reforms instead of revolutionary change" (Schneck ). For America to remain the home of the free her citizens must abolish the current family planning system, including abortion, and set up a socialist society.

Works Cited

Baker, Kristen Lynn. "Abortion The Savior of Democracy." Unpublished Essay.

Columbia Basin Community College at Pasco, 00.

Blech, Rabbi Benjamin. "Civilized Murderers." Aish.com. 1.

http//www.aish.com/holocaust/issues/Civilized_Murderers.asp

(1 Aug. 00).

Ellis, Rabbi Eliahu, and Rabbi Shmuel Silinsky. "Scientific Jew Hatred." Aish.com.

00.

http//www.aish.com/holocaust/overview/Scientific_Jew_Hatred.asp

(1 Aug. 00).

Halpern, Sam. "Sam Halpern- Personal Testimony." Aish.com. 16.

http//www.aish.com/holocaust/people/sam_halpern1.asp

(1 Aug. 00).

Schneck, Stephen. "Socialism." World Book Online Americas Edition.

http//www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/ar?/na/ar/co/ar51770.htm

(8 Aug. 00).

Please note that this sample paper on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Socialism: The Family Planning Solution will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from writing help service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead paper at affordable prices with writing help service!

The Importance of Effective Management

Management is a process concerned with coordinating and integrating work activities to achieve the goals of a business, with and through other people. Successful management is about achieving goals. Effectiveness is management is about achieving goals. Efficiency is concerned with the relationship between inputs and outputs. Effective management invariably results in business success, while ineffective management often results in business failure.

Management Roles

Cheap essay writing services offer help on hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead

Management can be described in terms of roles which are organized sets or patterns of behavior. There are three main groups

o Decisional based on work planning, goal setting. Eg. Entrepreneur, Negotiator, Resource Allocator.

o Interpresonal positive agreement and cooperation of workers. Eg. Leader, Liasion.

o Informational only when junior personnel handle routine tasks, according to established rules and procedures. Eg. Monitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson.

The role of management is one of responsibility to the owners of a business. Management is entrusted with the responsibility for

o determining the business objectives in line with the vision of the business,

o proactive planning for future growth,

o anticipating and planning for changes in the business environment,

o integrating all the human, physical and informational resources available,

o administering and controlling business activities, and

o accountability for the business operation and results.

Skills of Management

o Strategic thinking Highly developed conceptual skills; Capacity to view organisation as a whole; Product-related and technical knowledge; and Understanding of what can be done now.

o Vision Clear focus on the big picture; Able to perceive opportunity; Clear foresight; Able to integrate component parts into an interacting whole; and Knowledge of support services.

o Decision Making Awareness of alternatives through ability to assemble data; Ability to assess alternatives and decide; Creative and lateral thinking skills; Clear understanding of the competing interests of stakeholders; ability to maintain a balance between competing goals; Highly developed conceptual understanding of all interacting parts; and Ability to communicate decisions clearly.

o Self Managing Time management skills; Capacity to stay focused; and Understanding of the role of support services in the organisational framework.

o Team Work Providing networks for effective information flow; Coach, teacher, mentor roles in creating and developing groups; and Delegation of team roles, tasks and responsibility.

o People Skills Understanding how people think and act; Ability to motivate workers; Creation of a harmonious workplace; Effective written and oral communication skills; and Successful delegation.

o Complex Problem Solving Ability to gather and assess data to isolate a problem; Sensitivity to the needs of others; Procedures for dispute resolution; and Negotiation skills learned and practised.

o High Ethical and Personal Standards Generally agreed qualities of decisiveness, consistency, responsiveness, trustworthiness, friendliness and approachability.

o Flexibility and Adaptability to Change Willingness to move in a new direction; Constant evaluation of decisions taken in the light of subsequent performance; and Consistent monitoring of the changing external environment.

Responsibilities to Stakeholders

A stakeholder is anyone with a vested interest in a business. Stakeholders are not simply the owners. Stakeholders and their major interests include

o customers and clients interested in fair pricing, safe products and after sales service

o employees interested in fair pay, safe and pleasant working conditions, training opportunities and career paths

o owners and shareholders interested in a reasonable return on funds invested

o government interested in standards and in receiving taxation

o society interested in conformity to morals, customs and beliefs

o environment interested in protection of air, water and soil

o future societies interested in ecologically sustainable practices.

Reconciling Conflicts of Interest

o Confrontation face to face problem solving.

o Collaboration requires full cooperation of each party.

o Compromise giving up something.

o Reorganization altering organizational structure.

Understanding Business Organizations with Reference to Management Theories

This is the pattern of behaviour of managers in performing their functions and in their dealings with employees. A managers style reflects a response to a number of variables in the external and internal environments, as illustrated below

o Managers personality and value system, e.g. education, experience.

o Nature of workers, e.g. skills, needs, attitudes.

o Nature of the internal environment, e.g. structure, stability, physical site.

o Immediate situation, e.g. nature of problem, time and cost constraints.

Management styles can be classified as

o Autocratic a leader who exerts a large degree of control over a group and allows little participation from group members.

o Democratic where managers encourage a high degree of employee participation in decision making as well as open communication channels.

o collegial,

o laissez-faire.

Classical Scientific hierarchical organizational structure based on division of labour, which is highly centralized so major decisions would be used through a chain of command. Autocratic leadership style.

Approach Specialised efficiency-oriented systems of management

Timing From the turn of the century, well into the 10s. A legacy of the Industrial Revolution and the social structure of the times a potentially large workforce of relatively uneducated disempowered people.

Management principles Hierarchical systems based on principles of specialisation, centralisation and formality. Specialised tasks exist in specialised departments, with responsibility formally designated. Span of control is narrow and a unitary line of command is in place.

Relevance Great benefits from a consumer viewpoint, with the availability of a wide range of consumer goods. Problems centred on the dehumanising, autocratic nature of the efficiency-driven system and the assumption that the needs of workers matched those of management.

Behavioral initially characterized by human relations, the idea being that higher morale would lead to grater productivity.

Approach Changed approach to the way the work situation was seen. Managers dealt with people aspects of their organisation. The group played a more significant role.

Timing Became important following the 1 to 17 Hawthorne studies of the Western Electric Company and the Great Depression of the time. Continued to the 170s.

Management principles Supportive leadership. Managerial focus on group support and wide spans of control in a flat organisational structure, consisting of a hierarchy of interlocking groups.

Relevance The conflict of interest between management and workers was recognised. Practices appeared to work as prosperity continued into the 170s, with growing domestic markets and high family incomes in Western economies. Behavioural management practices were overwhelmed by the application of systems models of management.

Political Power refers to the ability of a person to influence the beliefs or actions of other people. It is not granted by a superior. It comes from a number of sources or bases.

o Legitimate Power similar to authority.

o Expert Power power a person has because they possess knowledge or expertise that others value.

o Referent Power personal character traits or desirable characteristics that other admire.

o Reward Power arises from the ability of someone to grant rewards.

o Coercive Power forcing someone to do something against their own will.

Approach Approaches relate to empowerment in the external environment through loosely structured networks and alliances.

Timing The current economic environment, which is characterised by high levels of social, economic and technological discontinuity. Political approaches recognise the speed-up in the rate of change and complexity of the current external environment.

Management principles Empowerment and collaborative individualism. The creativity of management and its capacity to innovate are challenged. Management is increasingly willing to experiment with new strategies and cultures in search of solutions to unstructured problems. Alliances are developed inside and outside the organisation.

Relevance The use of political power and influence in the creation of alliances is recognised. Organisations have moved increasingly towards decentralisation and chunking. Political approaches are more deliberate strategies to deal with complex and discontinuous environments.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Classical Scientific, Behavioral and Political Approaches

Classical Scientific Strengths used scientific method to determine the best way of doing something. Managers provided managerial functions to increase efficiency and productivity. Weaknesses workers were treated as machines. Problems with quality of goods because jobs were so specialized they were monotonous.

Behavioral Strengths forced managers to reassess the simple machine model, in doing so they made important contributions to our understanding of leadership, employee motivation and job design. Weaknesses no unifying framework for managers.

Political Strengths provided insight into understanding power, conflict and organizational design. Weaknesses focused on one aspect of management. Please note that this sample paper on hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on hamlet and rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from writing help service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!